Understanding Normal Glucose Levels

What Is a Normal Glucose Value?

A normal glucose value refers to the typical blood sugar levels found in healthy individuals. It is a range that allows the body to function properly without causing symptoms or long-term health issues. Doctors use specific tests to measure glucose levels, which until recently have included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).

How Is Glucose Measured?

Glucose levels can be monitored using traditional blood tests or, more recently by using wearable continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices. CGMs, which provide glucose data in real time every few minutes, have become widely available, including direct-to-consumer options. Studies show that most healthy individuals have average glucose levels around 99 mg/dL, with normal fluctuations after meals. However, interpreting CGM data can be complex, and small spikes or dips are not necessarily a cause for concern, but more research is needed.

Factors That Affect Glucose Levels

Glucose levels can vary based on age, diet, and individual differences. Older adults tend to have slightly higher glucose levels. While brief spikes above 140 mg/dL after meals are common, prolonged high levels can increase health risks. Conversely, low glucose levels (below 54 mg/dL) can impair brain function, though occasional dips are also seen in healthy individuals. Researchers continue to study how glucose trends differ among various racial and ethnic groups.